Minimizing the Utilized Area of PV Systems by Generating the Optimal Inter-Row Spacing Factor

In mounted photovoltaic (PV) facilities, energy output losses due to inter-row shading are unavoidable. order limit the shadow cast by one module row on another, sufficient space must be planned. However, it is not uncommon see PV plants with such close spacing that occur owing row-to-row effects. Low prices and high ground costs lead configurations, so maximum per available surface area prioritized over optimum production peak power. For any applications where plant power needs calculated, an exact analysis of influence generation required. this paper, effective methodology proposed discussed in detail, ultimately, enable system designers identify optimal between arrays generating a multiplier factor. The factor mathematically formulated generated general formula for geographical location including flat non-flat terrains. developed model implemented using two case studies different terrains, provide wider context. first Kingdome Saudi Arabia (KSA) provinces, giving terrain study; estimated direct use systems designer. second water pump agricultural watering renewable sources, study Dhamar, Al-Hada, Yemen. study, limited-area applications. Therefore, minimized each other avoided, simple design methodology.